This collection of datasets, compiled from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) Prison Statistics India reports, provides a comprehensive overview of the rehabilitation and welfare mechanisms within the Indian penal system. It tracks the systemic efforts to reform and reintegrate inmates through educational initiatives like adult, higher, and computer education and diverse vocational training in fields such as agriculture, carpentry, and handloom. The data further monitors the protection of prisoner rights by documenting complaints filed with the National and State Human Rights Commissions (NHRC/SHRC) and other specialized bodies regarding cruelty or denial of lawful rights. Additionally, the collection highlights the critical role of NGOs in providing medical and legal aid, with specific attention to organizations dedicated to women prisoners. Key economic indicators are also included, such as wages paid to skilled and unskilled inmates, the gross value of goods produced by prisoners, and the financial assistance provided upon release. Available at both year-wise and state-wise levels, these datasets are essential for evaluating the effectiveness of correctional reforms and the socio-economic empowerment of incarcerated individuals in India.