Collections - Dataful

CollectionJail Breaks, Escapes, & Clashes in Prisons from Prison Statistics India Reports, NCRBThis collection of datasets, derived from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) Prison Statistics India reports, provides a detailed record of prison security incidents and custodial breaches. It tracks the frequency of group clashes and violent conflicts within jails, specifically distinguishing between incidents involving firearms (historically classified as "Firings in Jails") and those occurring without them. The data provides a high-level view of institutional safety by documenting the resulting injuries and deaths of both inmates and jail personnel. Beyond internal violence, the collection monitors the integrity of the correctional system by tracking jail breaks and escapees from both judicial and police custody. It offers granular year-wise and state-wise insights into the number of prisoners who successfully escaped and the subsequent count of those rearrested. Together, these datasets serve as a critical resource for evaluating the effectiveness of prison surveillance, the risks of custodial transit, and the overall security environment of India's penal institutions.8 datasetsView →

CollectionDeaths and Illnesses in Prisons from Prison Statistics India Reports, NCRBThis collection of datasets, sourced from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) Prison Statistics India reports, provides a detailed and sobering analysis of prisoner mortality and health within the Indian correctional system. The data offers a comprehensive classification of deaths, distinguishing between natural deaths (stemming from aging or specific illnesses), unnatural deaths (including suicide, murder by inmates, and negligence), and cases where the cause remains unknown. The collection provides highly granular insights into the medical health of inmates, documenting deaths from chronic and infectious conditions such as heart and lung disease, HIV, TB, cancer, and kidney failure, as well as mental health-related incidents and drug withdrawal. It also tracks accidental deaths caused by both environmental factors (forces of nature) and specific incidents like electrocution, drowning, or falls. Furthermore, the datasets detail the modes of institutional violence, including suicides and murders categorized by method, such as hanging, stabbing, or fighting. Available at both year-wise and state-wise levels, this collection is an indispensable resource for researchers and human rights advocates analysing custodial safety, prison healthcare quality, and the overall physical security of inmates in India.14 datasetsView →

CollectionPrison Staff Strength and Training from Prison Statistics India Reports, NCRBThis collection of datasets, derived from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) Prison Statistics India reports, provides a detailed structural analysis of the human resources managing India’s correctional facilities. It tracks the year-wise and state-wise sanctioned and actual strength of jail personnel, highlighting critical gaps in the workforce through vacancy data and inmate-to-staff ratios. The data encompasses a wide range of roles, including high-level officers (DG, IG, Superintendent), jail cadre staff (Warders and Matrons), medical professionals, and ministerial staff. A significant focus of this collection is the representation of women among jail officers and staff, as well as the presence of specialised correctional personnel such as psychologists, social workers, and welfare officers. Additionally, the datasets monitor the professional development of the workforce by documenting the frequency and scale of training programs provided to jail staff. These insights are vital for researchers and policymakers evaluating administrative efficiency, staff welfare, and the overall capacity of the Indian penal system to provide secure and rehabilitative environments.10 datasetsView →

CollectionPrison Budget and Infrastructure from Prison Statistics India Reports, NCRBThis collection of datasets, derived from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) Prison Statistics India reports, provides a comprehensive fiscal and structural overview of the Indian correctional system. It tracks the financial management of prisons by comparing sanctioned budgets with actual expenditures—broken down by Plan and Non-Plan funds—alongside detailed year-wise and state-wise spending on prisoner care, including essential needs like food, medical care, and clothing, as well as rehabilitative investments in vocational and educational programs. In addition to financial data, the collection monitors the physical and human infrastructure of the penal system. It documents the construction, renovation, and expansion of various facility types—such as Central, District, Women, and Open Jails—and the integration of modern technology like video conferencing facilities. Furthermore, it highlights administrative challenges by detailing the staffing strength (sanctioned vs. actual) and the availability of official housing. Together, these datasets offer a transparent view of how resources are allocated and utilised to manage, maintain, and modernise India’s prison infrastructure.16 datasetsView →

CollectionForeign Prisoners from Prison Statistics India Reports, NCRBThis collection of datasets, sourced from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) Prison Statistics India reports, offers a specialised look at the population of foreign national prisoners within the Indian penal system. It provides a detailed breakdown of international inmates, distinguishing between convicts, undertrials, and detenues to help track the legal status of non-citizens across various jurisdictions. The data is meticulously organised by nationality, gender, and age group, enabling a deep dive into the demographic profile of foreign inmates.8 datasetsView →

CollectionIndian Prisoners from Prison Statistics India Reports, NCRBThis dataset collection, compiled from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) Prison Statistics India reports, provides a comprehensive statistical profile of Indian national prisoners across the country's correctional system. The data tracks the population of domestic inmates through a detailed classification of their legal status, including convicts, undertrials, detenues, and other prisoners. Organised by year, state, and gender, these datasets offer a longitudinal view of how the domestic prison population fluctuates across different administrative jurisdictions.10 datasetsView →

CollectionMaster Collection: Prison Data from NCRBThe collection contains year-, state- and type-of-jail-wise compiled datasets on the total number of undertrial and convicted prisoners, prison capacity and the occupancy ratio across all the different types of jails in India from the year 2007 to 2021. The datasets relating to undertrials is further categorized by their education level, religion, caste, gender, domicile, duration of confinement, etc.9 datasetsView →

CollectionReleases, Transfers and Movements of Prisioners from Prison Statistics India Reports, NCRBThis collection of datasets, derived from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) Prison Statistics India reports, provides a detailed look at the systemic flow of inmates through the Indian penal system. It specifically monitors prisoner releases and transfers, tracking the annual exit of convicts, undertrials, and detenues through various legal channels such as bail, acquittal, appeal, and completion of sentences. The data also captures critical operational and humanitarian metrics, including the physical movement of inmates outside prison premises for court and medical visits, the status of long-term undertrials under Section 436A of the CrPC, and the prevalence of mental illness among the incarcerated. Additionally, it provides specific insights into the management of parole, documenting the rates of release, absconding, and subsequent arrests. Together, these datasets offer a vital empirical foundation for analysing judicial efficiency, prisoner welfare, and the overall rehabilitative capacity of India's correctional framework.14 datasetsView →

CollectionRehabilitation and Welfare of Prisoners from Prison Statistics India Reports, NCRBThis collection of datasets, compiled from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) Prison Statistics India reports, provides a comprehensive overview of the rehabilitation and welfare mechanisms within the Indian penal system. It tracks the systemic efforts to reform and reintegrate inmates through educational initiatives like adult, higher, and computer education and diverse vocational training in fields such as agriculture, carpentry, and handloom. The data further monitors the protection of prisoner rights by documenting complaints filed with the National and State Human Rights Commissions (NHRC/SHRC) and other specialized bodies regarding cruelty or denial of lawful rights. Additionally, the collection highlights the critical role of NGOs in providing medical and legal aid, with specific attention to organizations dedicated to women prisoners. Key economic indicators are also included, such as wages paid to skilled and unskilled inmates, the gross value of goods produced by prisoners, and the financial assistance provided upon release. Available at both year-wise and state-wise levels, these datasets are essential for evaluating the effectiveness of correctional reforms and the socio-economic empowerment of incarcerated individuals in India.12 datasetsView →

CollectionPrisoners - Types and Demography from Prison Statistics India Reports, NCRBThis comprehensive collection of datasets, derived from the annual Prison Statistics India (PSI) reports by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), provides a detailed analysis of the socio-demographic and legal landscape of India’s correctional system. The data is systematically categorised to track the composition of the prison population, including convicts, undertrials, detenues held under preventive laws like the NSA and PSA, and other inmates across all major facility types such as Central, District, Sub, Women, Open, and Special Jails, as well as Borstal Schools. Each dataset offers granular year-wise and state-wise insights into the social profile of prisoners, documenting their caste (SC, ST, OBC, and others), religious affiliation (Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Sikh, and others), and educational background ranging from illiterate to post-graduate and technical degree holders. Furthermore, the collection monitors critical metrics such as the domicile status of inmates (local, out-of-state, or foreign nationals), age-group distributions, and the specific circumstances of women prisoners staying with children. By providing both raw numbers and percentage shares at the All-India level, these datasets serve as a vital resource for analysing institutional trends, prison overcrowding, and the representation of marginalised communities within the Indian penal system.56 datasetsView →

CollectionOffence wise Population of Prisoners from Prison Statistics India Reports, NCRBThis collection of datasets, derived from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) Prison Statistics India reports, provides a detailed classification of the offences and criminal history of both convicted and undertrial prisoners. It distinguishes between crimes committed under the Indian Penal Code (IPC)—such as offences against the human body (murder, rape), property crimes (theft, burglary), and crimes against women (dowry deaths, cruelty)—and those falling under Special and Local Laws (SLL), including the NDPS Act, Arms Act, and the Prevention of Corruption Act. Beyond the nature of the charges, the collection monitors the patterns of recidivism across India, tracking the number of habitual offenders and their tendency to reoffend upon release. Available at both national and state levels, these datasets offer a critical empirical foundation for understanding the legal composition of the prison population, the prevalence of specific crime types within the judicial system, and the long-term effectiveness of rehabilitation and deterrence strategies.10 datasetsView →

CollectionSentences and Incarceration of Prisoners from Prison Statistics India Reports, NCRBThis collection of datasets from the NCRB Prison Statistics India reports provides a comprehensive analysis of sentencing trends and the duration of confinement for both convicts and undertrials. For convicted prisoners, the data tracks judicial outcomes ranging from capital punishment and life imprisonment to shorter terms (from under 6 months to 13 years), including the execution of death sentences and the percentage share of each sentence category. A critical subset highlights the "fine-default" crisis, documenting convicts who remain incarcerated for periods of under 6 months to over 5 years solely due to the non-payment of court-ordered fines. For undertrial prisoners, the collection monitors the length of pre-trial detention across intervals from under 3 months to over 5 years. Available at both national and state levels in absolute numbers and percentage shares, these datasets are essential for identifying judicial delays and assessing the efficiency of the Indian criminal justice system. Together, they offer a transparent look at how sentencing severity and legal bottlenecks contribute to the long-term occupancy of India’s correctional facilities.12 datasetsView →