The Department of Economic Affairs (DoEA) is the nodal agency of the Union Government to formulate and monitor the country's economic policies and programmes having a bearing on domestic and international aspects of economic management. A principal responsibility of this department is the preparation and presentation of the Union Budget to the parliament and the budget for the state Governments under President's Rule and union territory administrations.

The Ministry of Finance is a ministry within the Government of India concerned with the economy of India, serving as the Treasury of India. In particular, it concerns itself with taxation, financial legislation, financial institutions, capital markets, centre and state finances, and the Union Budget. The Ministry of Finance is the apex controlling authority of four central civil services namely Indian Revenue Service, Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Indian Economic Service, and Indian Civil Accounts Service. It is also the apex controlling authority of one of the central functionality services namely the Indian Cost and Management Accounts Service.